Wealth from trade was the mainspring of Western material advance; the visible agents of change were great guns. These came of age in Europe in the 15….

The reason territorial monarchs failed time after time against maritime powers was not that absolutist, non-consensual governments were incapable of ….

It is clear that the flame of True Freedom had passed with naval supremacy and constitutional, consultative government from the United Provinces to G….

Philip could not have wanted to annex England militarily, since this would have opened another costly occupation struggle, and brought France in agai….

Our faith in democracy, personal freedoms and human 'rights', and the other comforting prescriptions of the humanist liberal credo stem from the supr….