It was not simply out of a spirit of contradiction that I exposed a light source to magnetic forces. The idea came to me during an investigation of t….

The magnetic cleavage of the spectral lines is dependent on the size of the charge of the electron, or, more accurately, on the ratio between the mas….

According to well-known electrodynamic laws, an electron moving in a magnetic field is acted upon by a force which runs perpendicular to the directio….

The rotation of the polarization plane is extraordinarily small in all gases, thus also in sodium vapour..

I count myself fortunate to be able to contribute to this work; and the great interest which the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has shown in my wo….

On the basis of Lorentz's theory, if we limit ourselves to a single spectral line, it suffices to assume that each atom (or molecule) contains a sing….

Nature gives us all, including Prof. Lorentz, surprises. It was very quickly found that there are many exceptions to the rule of splitting of the lin….

Moreover, photography has made it possible to fix these images and now provides us with a permanent record of each observed spectrum, which can be me….