Money is not capital in most of the developing countries. It's just cash. Because it lacks the institutional, organizational, managerial forms to turn it into capital.
Economics taught in most of the elite universities are practically useless in my context. My country is dominated by drug economy and a mafia. Textbook economics does not work in my context, and I have very few recommendations from anybody as to how to put together a legal economy.
Interpretation
What this quote means
The quote criticizes traditional economics for being irrelevant in a context dominated by illegal activities.
Ashraf Ghani's statement highlights the disconnect between academic economics and the realities faced in regions where illicit economies, such as drug trafficking, prevail. He emphasizes the need for practical, context-specific solutions rather than standard textbook theories that do not account for the complexities of such environments, reflecting the struggles of nations trying to build a lawful economy amidst entrenched criminal networks.
Themes
In practice
Example use cases
In a lecture about the applications of economics, one might use this quote to illustrate the importance of context when studying economic theories.
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One of the arguments I make for the failure of the euro is that, at the time it was being constructed, there was a 'neo-liberal' ideology which said that all we need to do to make this thing work is to get deficits low, keep inflation low, and take down barriers, and then everything would be fine.
It is my guiding confession that I believe the greatest error in economics is in seeing the economy as a stable, immutable structure.
Customers often value a good more when its price goes up. One reason may be its signaling value. An expensive handcrafted mechanical watch may tell time no more accurately than a cheap quartz model; but, because few people can afford one, buying it signals that the owner is rich.