Political economy came into being as a natural result of the expansion of trade, and with its appearance elementary, unscientific huckstering was replaced by a developed system of licensed fraud, an entire science of enrichment.
Friedrich EngelsRead
The state is nothing but an instrument of opression of one class by another - no less so in a democratic republic than in a monarchy.
Interpretation
What this quote means
The quote suggests that governments inherently serve to oppress one class of people for the benefit of another, regardless of the system in place.
Friedrich Engels asserts that the structure of the state, whether in a monarchy or a democratic republic, functions primarily as a tool for the dominance of one social class over another. This perspective challenges the notion that democracy itself is a safeguard against oppression, highlighting that class struggles are fundamental to social order and governance.
Themes
OppressionClass StruggleGovernmentDemocracyState
In practice
Example use cases
In discussions about social justice movements, this quote can highlight the ongoing struggles against class oppression.
More from Friedrich Engels
All quotes βI have learned more [from Balzac] than from all the professional historians, economists, and statisticians put together.
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People think they have taken quite an extraordinarily bold step forward when they have rid themselves of belief in hereditary monarchy and swear by the democratic republic. In reality, however, the state is nothing but a machine for the oppression of one class by another, and indeed in the democratic republic no less than in the monarchy.
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Just as Darwin discovered the law of evolution in organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of evolution in human history; he discovered the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of idealogy [sic], that mankind must first of all eat and drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, religion, art etc.
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...it was always our view that in order to attain this [proletarian revolution] and the other far more important aims of the future social revolution, the working class must first take possession of the organised political power of the state and by its aid crush the resistance of the capitalist class and organise society anew.
Friedrich EngelsRead
People have learned by bitter experience that the "European fraternal union of peoples" cannot be achieved by mere phrases and pious wishes, but only by profound revolutions and bloody struggles; they have learned that the question is not that of a fraternal union of all European peoples under a single republican flag, but of an alliance of the revolutionary peoples against the counter-revolutionary peoples, an alliance which comes into being not on paper, but only on the battlefield.
Friedrich EngelsRead
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