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Did Buddha teach that the many was real and the ego unreal, while orthodox Hinduism regards the One as the real, and the many as unreal?" the Swami was asked. "Yes", answered the Swami. "And what Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and I have added to this is, that the Many and the One are the same Reality, perceived by the same mind at different times and in different attitudes.
Swami Vivekananda
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Interpretation

What this quote means

This quote discusses the relationship between the concept of the One and the Many in terms of reality and perception.

Swami Vivekananda explains that while different spiritual traditions perceive reality in contrasting ways—Buddhism focusing on the unreality of the ego and Hinduism emphasizing the reality of the One—both perspectives stem from the same underlying truth. He suggests that the Many (the diverse experiences of life) and the One (the unified essence of reality) are not fundamentally separate; rather, they are two aspects of the same reality viewed through the lens of the mind, depending on its attitude and state at any given moment.

Themes

RealityPerceptionEgoOnenessDiversity

In practice

Example use cases

In a seminar about philosophy and spirituality, to illustrate the interconnectedness of existence.

More from Swami Vivekananda

Everything can be sacrificed for truth, but truth cannot be sacrificed for anything.
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Rama, the ancient idol of the heroic ages, the embodiment of truth, of morality, the ideal son, the ideal husband, and above all, the ideal king, this Rama has been presented before us by the great sage Valmiki. No language can be purer, none chaster, none more beautiful, and at the same time simpler, than the language in which the great poet has depicted the life of Rama.
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Hinduism threw away Buddhism after taking its sap. The attempt of all the Southern Acharyas was to effect a reconciliation between the two. Shankaracharya's teaching shows the influence of Buddhism. His disciples perverted his teaching and carried it to such an extreme point that some of the later reformers were right in calling the Acharya's followers "crypto-buddhists".
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According to the law of nature, wherever there is an awakening of a new and stronger life, there it tries to conquer and take the place of the old and the decaying. Nature favours the dying out of the unfit and the survival of the fittest. The final result of such conflict between the priestly and the other classes has been mentioned already.
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I have come to deal with principles. I have only to preach that God comes again and again, and that He came in India as Krishna, Rama, and Buddha, and that He will come again. It can almost be demonstrated that after each 500 years the world sinks, and a tremendous spiritual wave comes, and on the top of the wave is a Christ.
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Salvation means knowing the truth. We do not become anything; we are what we are. Salvation [comes] by faith and not by work. It is a question of knowledge! You must know what you are, and it is done. The dream vanishes. This you [and others] are dreaming here. When they die, they go to [the] heaven [of their dream]. They live in that dream, and [when it ends], they take a nice body [here], and they are good people.
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