...the scientific attitude implies what I call the postulate of objectivity-that is to say, the fundamental postulate that there is no plan, that there is no intention in the universe. Now, this is basically incompatible with virtually all the religious or metaphysical systems whatever, all of which try to show that there is some sort of harmony between man and the universe and that man is a product-predictable if not indispensable-of the evolution of the universe.
Interpretation
The quote discusses the scientific view of objectivity, suggesting that the universe lacks intention or design, which contrasts with religious beliefs that posits a harmony between humanity and the cosmos.
Jacques Monod's quote highlights the conflict between scientific and religious perspectives regarding the nature of the universe. He argues that the scientific attitude embraces the idea that the universe operates without any inherent plan or intention, a stance that fundamentally opposes many religious and metaphysical systems which assert that humans are an essential outcome of a harmonious and purposeful universe. This dichotomy invites deep reflection on humanity's place in a seemingly indifferent cosmos.
In practice
In a lecture about the nature of the universe, one might use this quote to provoke discussion on the differences between scientific and religious perspectives.
Chance alone is at the source of every innovaton, of all creation in the biosphere. Pure chance, only chance, absolute but blind liberty is at the root of the prodigious edifice that is evolution... It today is the sole conceivable hypothesis, the only one that squares with observed and tested fact. Stating life began by the chance collision of particles of nucleic acid in the "prebiotic soup."
There are living systems; there is no living "matter." No substance, no single molecule, extracted and isolated from a living being possess, of its own, the aforementioned paradoxical properties. They are present in living systems only; that is to say, nowhere below the level of the cell.
Biology occupies a position among the sciences at once marginal and central. Marginal because-the living world constituting but a tiny and very "special" part of the universe-it does not seem likely that the study of living beings will ever uncover general laws applicable outside the biosphere. But if the ultimate aim of the whole of science is indeed, as I believe, to clarify man's relationship to the universe, then biology must be accorded a central position . . .
One of the great problems of philosophy, is the relationship between the realm of knowledge and the realm of values. Knowledge is what is; values are what ought to be. I would say that all traditional philosophies up to and including Marxism have tried to derive the "ought" from the "is." My point of view is that this is impossible, this is a farce.
One may well find oneself beginning to doubt whether all this could conceivably be the product of an enormous lottery presided over by natural selection, blindly picking the rare winners from among numbers drawn at utter random...nevertheless although the miracle of life stands "explained" it does not strike us as any less miraculous. As Francois Mauriac wrote, What this professor says is far more incredible than what we poor Christians believe.
A totally blind process can by definition lead to anything; it can even lead to vision itself.
There is a kind of courtesy in skepticism. It would be an offense against polite conventions to press our doubts too far.
The way of the superior man may be compared to what takes place in traveling, when to go to a distance we must first traverse the space that is near, and in ascending a height, when we must begin from the lower ground.
The good opinion of mankind, like the lever of Archimedes, with the given fulcrum, moves the world.
What, all so soon asleep! I wish mine eyes Would, with themselves, shut up my thoughts.
Trust is a social good to be protected just as much as the air we breathe or the water we drink. When it is damaged, the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse
Our fathers and ourselves sowed dragon's teeth. Our children know and suffer the armed men.
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