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How could so many intelligent people be so grievously wrong for such an extended period of time? How could they ignore so much overwhelming evidence that contradicted their most basic theories? These questions, too, deserve their own discipline: the sociology of error.
Steven Johnson
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Interpretation

What this quote means

The quote questions how intelligent individuals can hold incorrect beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Steven Johnson raises profound questions about the capacity for intelligent individuals to consistently maintain erroneous beliefs over time, even in the face of substantial evidence that challenges their foundational theories. This suggests a deeper inquiry into the psychology of error and the social mechanisms that allow for the persistence of false beliefs, indicating that understanding such phenomena requires a dedicated field of study.

Themes

IntelligenceErrorEvidenceBeliefsSociology

In practice

Example use cases

During a lecture on cognitive biases, one might quote Johnson to illustrate the limitations of human reasoning.

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The adjacent possible is a kind of shadow future, hovering on the edges of the present state of things, a map of all the ways in which the present can reinvent itself.
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Most new movements start this way: hundreds or thousands of individuals and groups, working in different fields and different locations, start thinking about change using a common language, without necessarily recognizing those shared values. You just start following your own vector, propelled along by people in your immediate vicinity. And then one day, you look up and realize that all those individual trajectories have turned into a wave.
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Organizations that empower folks further down the chain or try to get rid of the big hierarchal chains and allow decision making to happen on a more local level end up being more adaptive and resilient because there are more minds involved in the problem.
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What you end up seeing when you look at history is that people who have been good at pushing the boundaries of possibility, and exploring those frontiers of good ideas and innovations, have rarely done it in moments of great inspiration. They don't just have a brilliant breakthrough idea out of nowhere and leap ahead of everyone else.
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For decades, we've worked under the assumption that mass culture follows a steadily declining path toward lowest-common-denominator standards, presumably because the 'masses' want dumb, simple pleasures and big media companies want to give the masses what they want.
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We are strangely biased, as individuals and media institutions, to focus on big sudden changes, whether good or bad - amazing breakthroughs, such as a new gadget that gets released, or catastrophic failures, like a plane crash.
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