It is wrong for a man to say that he is certain of the objective truth of any proposition unless he can produce evidence which logically justifies that certainty.
Thomas HuxleyRead
It is an error to imagine that evolution signifies a constant tendency to increased perfection. That process undoubtedly involves a constant remodeling of the organism in adaptation to new conditions; but it depends on the nature of those conditions whether the direction of the modifications effected shall be upward or downward.
Interpretation
What this quote means
Evolution does not always lead to improvement; it depends on environmental conditions.
In this quote, Thomas Huxley emphasizes that evolution is not a linear process aiming for perfection. Instead, the adaptations an organism makes in response to changing conditions can lead to various outcomes, which may be beneficial in some scenarios and detrimental in others. Huxley highlights that the nature of the conditions an organism faces ultimately determines the trajectory of its evolutionary changes, challenging the common misconception of evolution as a march towards perfection.
Themes
EvolutionAdaptationConditionsPerfectionOrganisms
In practice
Example use cases
This quote can be used in a lecture on evolution to illustrate misconceptions about the process.
More from Thomas Huxley
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Let us have "sweet girl graduates" by all means. They will be none the less sweet for a little wisdom; and the "golden hair" will not curl less gracefully outside the head by reason of there being brains within.
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Of the few innocent pleasures left to men past middle life, the jamming of common sense down the throats of fools is perhaps the keenest.
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