Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and those few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majesty of the state to defend them.
When they remain in garrison, soldiers are maintained with fear and punishment; when they are then led to war, with hope and reward.
Interpretation
What this quote means
Machiavelli suggests that motivation shifts from fear during peacetime to hope during wartime.
In this quote, Machiavelli contrasts the means through which soldiers are kept in check during peacetime compared to how they are motivated during times of war. While fear and punishment ensure compliance and order within a garrison, it is the promise of hope and rewards that inspires soldiers to fight bravely and effectively in battle. This highlights the importance of understanding human motivations in leadership, particularly how different circumstances call for different tactics to inspire and manage people.
Themes
In practice
Example use cases
In a speech to the military, emphasizing the need for hope and rewards during training.
More from Niccolo Machiavelli
All quotes βFor that reason, let a prince have the credit of conquering and holding his state, the means will always be considered honest, and he will be praised by everybody because the vulgar are always taken by what a thing seems to be and by what comes of it; and in the world there are only the vulgar, for the few find a place there only when the many have no ground to rest on.
Many have imagined republics and principalities which have never been seen or known to exist in reality; for how we live is so far removed from how we ought to live, that he who abandons what is done for what ought to be done, will rather bring about his own ruin than his preservation.
Whoever conquers a free town and does not demolish it commits a great error and may expect to be ruined himself.
And here one must not that hatred is acquired just as much by means of good actions as by bad ones; and so, as I said above, if a prince wishes to maintain the state, he is often obliged not to be good; because whenever that group which you believe you need to support you is corrupted, whether it be the common people, the soldiers, or the nobles, it is to your advantage to follow their inclinations in order to satisfy them; and then good actions are your enemy.
The chief foundations of all states, new as well as old or composite, are good laws and good arms.
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